Egypt’s Oil & Gas Sector in 2025: Legal Insights for Investors

Egypt continues to stand out as one of the most dynamic energy markets in the MENA region. Backed by major natural gas discoveries, expanding infrastructure, and regulatory reforms, the country is reinforcing its role as a regional hub for oil and gas exploration, production, and export.

As Egypt deepens its energy partnerships with Europe, Asia, and Africa, foreign investors are increasingly drawn to its oil and gas sector—not only for its strategic potential, but also for the evolving legal landscape that supports long-term participation.

International energy companies typically engage through production sharing agreements (PSAs) with:

• Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation (EGPC)

• Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Company (EGAS)

• Ganoub El Wadi Petroleum Holding Company (Ganope) (for Upper Egypt)

These agreements are customized, and legal guidance is essential from the bidding stage through to execution and enforcement.

Key Trends in 2025

• Gas Exports Surge: LNG exports have reached record highs, with Europe relying on Egypt’s terminals in Idku and Damietta amid continued energy diversification.

• Upstream Licensing Rounds: Egypt launched new bid rounds in 2024–2025 with revised model contracts to attract IOCs and independents alike.

• Energy Transition Push: Egypt is expanding into green hydrogen and carbon capture, prompting legal adaptations and new joint venture models.

• Infrastructure Modernization: The government is partnering with international developers to expand storage, refining, and cross-border pipeline systems.

• Arbitration & Dispute Resolution: Egypt remains a signatory to ICSID, UNCITRAL, and the New York Convention, with most PSAs including international arbitration clauses.

Legal Considerations for Foreign Investors

Investors entering Egypt’s oil and gas sector must navigate:

• Local entity setup and structuring

• Contract negotiation and PSA customization

• Tax and customs frameworks

• Labor and procurement compliance

• Environmental permitting (via EEAA)

• Dispute resolution and enforcement under Egyptian and international law

Working with counsel experienced in both local law and international standards is critical to mitigating risk and maximizing efficiency.

How We Can Help

At Middle East and Africa Strategic Advisors (MEASA), we offer full-spectrum legal and strategic support to companies entering or expanding in Egypt’s energy sector, including:

• PSA and concession agreement negotiation

• Government liaison and licensing strategy

• ESG compliance and community agreements

• Arbitration, mediation, and enforcement

• M&A support and regulatory due diligence

We help clients succeed in one of the most promising energy jurisdictions in the region—backed by legal clarity, local insight, and cross-border experience.